The hydraulic torque converter is also called "hydraulic torque converter", "turbine torque converter" and "hydraulic torque converter". A type of hydraulic transmission component. It consists of pump wheel, turbine and guide wheel. The pump wheel is connected with the drive shaft, and can convert the mechanical energy input by the drive shaft into the kinetic energy and pressure head of the liquid by virtue of the centrifugal force for the turbine to do work. The turbine is connected with the driven shaft, and can output the kinetic energy of the liquid and the energy contained in the pressure head through the driven shaft.

The hydraulic torque converter consists of three basic components: the pump wheel, the turbine wheel, the guide wheel and the torque converter housing.

1. pump wheel

It is the active component of the hydraulic torque converter, and it is made (or welded) into one body with the torque converter housing. The torque converter housing assembly is fixed on the flange at the rear end of the crankshaft of the engine with bolts and rotates with the crankshaft. Inside the impeller there is a series of radially backward curved blades to give the working fluid an extra acceleration and additional energy. The inner edges of the vanes are fitted with guide rings that allow transmission oil to flow smoothly.

2. turbine

The turbine is the driven element of the torque converter, which is splined to the input shaft of the planetary gear transmission, absorbs kinetic energy from the moving fluid and converts the kinetic energy into rotational kinetic energy. Like a pump wheel, a turbine has many blades. but:

(1) There are more turbine blades than pump blades to improve transmission efficiency.

(2) The bending direction of the turbine blades is opposite to that of the pump impeller blades, that is, relative to the clockwise rotation direction, all the blades are bent forward.

The turbine blades are placed opposite to the pump impeller blades with a small gap between them. Between the pump wheel and the turbine, the oil flow direction is suddenly changed to reduce vibration loss.

3. guide wheel

It is located between the pump wheel and the turbine and is the reaction element of the hydraulic torque converter. It is installed on the guide wheel sleeve (connected to the transmission housing) through a one-way clutch. It is used to control the return of liquid from the center of the turbine back to the middle of the pump wheel, that is, to change the direction of the liquid flow from the turbine back to the pump wheel. Because the turbine blades are curved, the flow changes direction as it leaves the turbine, and as the flow re-enters the center of the impeller, its direction causes a tendency to slow down the rotation of the liquid. The guide wheel changes the direction of the oil flow from the turbine back to the pump wheel, causing it to hit the back of the pump wheel blades, giving the pump wheel an extra "boost force", which plays a key role in the torque converter torque amplification stage .

4. case

There are two types of hydraulic torque converter housings: assembled (detachable) and welded (non-detachable).

The assembled shell, that is, the shell is made into two halves and connected together with bolts, which is detachable. It is easy to maintain, and the balance accuracy is not high, so it is used in occasions with low speed. For example, the large-size hydraulic torque converter used in heavy-duty trucks will affect its balance after disassembly and inspection.