An excavator is a common earth excavation machine in the engineering field. Its main job is to dig material above or below the floor surface with a bucket and load it into a transport vehicle or a stockyard. It can be roughly divided into the following categories:

1. backhoe excavator

The backhoe is our most common and most commonly used type of excavator. It can be used for excavation below the floor of the shutdown working surface, and it is not easy to excavate the part above the shutdown working surface. Basic operation methods include: excavation at ditch end and ditch side, straight line, curve excavation, excavation at a certain angle, ultra-deep trench excavation, etc.

2. Front Shovel Excavator

The characteristic of the shovel action form of the front shovel is "move forward and cut soil upward". The excavation force of the shovel is relatively large, and it can excavate above the shutdown surface, but cannot excavate the part below the shutdown working surface. It should be applied to dry foundation pits with an excavation height of more than 2m, but up and down ramps must be set. The main shovel bucket is larger than similar backhoe excavators, and it can excavate the first to third types of soil with a water content of no more than 27%. The entire excavation and transportation can be completed with the unloading truck, and it can also excavate large dry foundation pits and level them. mound. According to different transport vehicles and excavation routes, there are different excavation and unloading methods.

3. Dragline Excavator

Dragline is also called cable shovel excavator. Its excavation features are: "retreat downward, cut soil by self-weight". It is used for the excavation of Class I and II soils below the floor of the shutdown operation face. When working, the bucket is thrown out by inertial force, and the excavation is relatively far away, and the excavation radius and excavation depth are relatively large, but it is not as flexible and accurate as the backhoe. It is especially suitable for large and deep foundation pit excavation or underwater excavation.

4. grab shovel excavator

The grab shovel is also called grab excavator. Its excavation is characterized by "straight up and down, self-weight cutting". It is suitable for the excavation of Class I and II soils below sea level on the floor of the shutdown operation surface. It is often used for the excavation of foundation pits and caissons with soft soil, especially for excavation of deep and narrow foundation pits and dredging of old channels. And water silt excavation, etc., or used for loading loose materials such as gravel, sand, grain, etc. in the seaport, and loading ore, wood chips, wood, etc. in the wood storage yard.